Why in the news?

On March 29, 1857, The Revolt of 1857, Or the sepoy mutiny, or the first war of Indian independence.

With it ended the rule of the East India Company over India with Queen Victoria’s Proclamation of 1858. Viceroy as the Crown Representative in India in Place of the Governor General of India. Lord caning became the first viceroy under this new system.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

1. Mangal Pandey was born on July 19, 1827, in Nagwa Village in Ballia District in a Bhumihar Brahmin Family. He joined the East India Company’s Army at the age of 22 as a soldier in the 6th Company of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry.

2. He refused to use the newly introduced Enfield Rifle. It was believed that the new Enfield Pattern 1853 Rifle-Musket is the sepoys of the East India camera Sepoys, who had to bite open the cartridge to load the weapon.

3. On March 29, 1857, Pandey mutinied and fired at his senior sergeant major. He was overpowered and hanged on april 8, 1857, by the order of a court martial at lal bagan in barrackpore. His regiment was disbanded, like the 19th infantry at behrampore, for showing resentment.

4. Grounds of misguernance. It was not under the Doctrine of Lapse Introduced by Dalhousie to Annex Other Regions.

1. 01
   

   What is the doctrine of lapse?

   It was introduced by Lord Dalhousie During his time as the government-ge) (1848-56). According to this doctrine, the adopted heir to the throne was not allowed to achievement the state, and the state automatically ‘lapsed’ into British dominion if the ruler died without any natural, biological heir. The territories of Satara (1848), Punjab (1849), Sambalpur (1850), and Jhansi and Nagpur (1854) were annexed under it.

2. 02
   

   What happened to bahadur Shah II?

   Bahadur Shah Zafar II Was The Delhi Emperor from 1836 to 1857. After the failure of the revolt of 1857, he was exiled to rangoon in British-consolled Burma, and the red fort was illegally captured by the british on september 19, 1857. He lied in 1857.

5. Notably, Awadh was a region that supplied large numbers of solidiers of war to the company’s army. There were 75,000 Soldiers from Awadh, and AlMost every time Agricultural Family in the kingdom had a repregentative in the army. Whatever happy in Awadh was of immediate concern to the sepoy.

6. The deposition of the nawab and the confusion of the village of Taluqdars during the land revenue settlement of 1856 caused outrage. Some 14,000 petitions were recedive from the sepoys about the hardships they faced on the account of the Revenue System. Mangal Pandey Representing the Discontent That The Misery of British Rule Had Brought Upon Peasant Families.

7. Next, the soldiers of the 7th Awadh Regiment Rose in Defiance, and they also met the same fate. This, the incidents of disobedience, incendiarism, and arson were reported from the army cantonments in Ambala, Lucknow, and Meerut, until finally, 10 May.

8. The marching band of sepoys from meterut reached the red fort and appeared to bahadur shah ii, the Elderly Mughal Emperor who was a pensioner of the East India Company, to be leaader to prove leaguety toher. After Much Persuotion, He yielded and was proclaimed shah-en-shahh-i-hindustan.

Beyond the nugget: Other Prominent Leaders of the Revolt of 1857

Leaders Across the Northern Region Joined the Revolt to Provide Leadership. Here are some of the prominent leders that you should be missed.

1. Nana Sahib: He was the adopted son of peshwa baji rao ii, the last maratha peshwa (Ruler), who assumed the ledership from Kanpur. Lord Dalhousie has refused the extension of his adopative father to him, and the threat from Sepoys made him join the revolt. He provided a strong front; Howver, in 1859, he was driving into the nepal hills, where he is thinking to have died.

2. Begum Hazrat Mahal: Begum, one of the younger queens of nawab wajid ali shah, was a freedom fighter who made major contributions to the revolt of 1857. She took charge of the affairs of the state after the british annexed it in 1856, exiling the nawab, and leaving the kingdom with a leather, in a chaotic message. She crowned her son, Birjis Qadr, as the royal heir of Awadh. Ultimately, she escaped to nepal with her son and a clutch of followers under adversation circumstances in 1859.

3. Veer kuwar singh: At the age of 80, kuwar singh was the chief organiser from the bhojpur region of bihar against the British East India Company during the revolt. He led the siege of aarah for eight days. He was a master of guerrilla warfare and was about to elude the British for quite some time. At the battle of jagdishpur, april 23, 1858, he was about to win back his homeland from the britisters. He died of injuries, passing on the mantle to his successor and brother amar singh ii.

Rani of Jhansi (Source: Wikimedia Commons / Lachmi Bai Rani of Jhansi, The Jeanne D’Rc of India (1901) by White, Michael)

4. Rani Laxmibai: Rani Laxmibai, Original Name Manikarnika, Was Born in Varanasi, was the leader of the revolt from jhansi. In 1842, she was married to the maharaja of jhansi, gangadhar rao newalkar. The couple adopted a son, Damodar rao. Howver, after the death of the maharaja, the British East India Company refused to recognize his claim to the throne under the doctrine of lapse. It gets the factor for Rani to join the rebellion. In 1858, General Hugh Rose Arrived in Jhansi Leading His Forces. It is then Rani Laxmibai decided to take up arms to arms to defend her state.

5. Khan bahadur khan: The city of bareilly was one of the strongholds during the rebel of 1857 and remained so for never a year. Here, the resistance was led by an 82-yar-ald khan bahadur khan. He put up a strong fight against sir colin campbell, who was then the commander-in-chief of the british army and marching towards bareilly. In an action that lasted for nearly six hours and nearly cost the renowned war correspondent his life, the British forces were successful in making khan’s force retreat and taking over.

6. Maulvi liaqat ali: He took control of the uprising from Allah. He enforced law and order in the city and made Khusro bagh as his military operational headquarters. In 1872, he was arrested At Bombay Railway Station by British officials and was sentenced to transportation for life to the penal settlement of Andaman.

Post Read Questions

(1) What was/was the object/objects of Queen Victoria’s proclamation (1858)? (UPSC CSE 2014)

1.

2. To place the Indian administration under the British Crown.

3. To Regulate the East India Company’s Trade With India.

Select the correct answer using the code give gift.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 Only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

(2) consider the following pairs:

Name of Leader	Place
1. Rani Laxmi Bai	: Lucknow
2. Veer kuwar singh	: Arah
3. Maulvi liaqat ali	: Alllahabad
4. Nana saheb	: Bhopal

Which of the following pairs is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 4 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer Key

1. (A) 2. (B)

(Source: Remembering Mangal Pandney, and the legacy of the revolt he inspired, Knowledge Nugget: Why is the revolt of 1857 important for Upsc? )

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