Physical exfoliators may contain ingredients like apricot seeds, pomegranate seeds, or other components that create friction against the scalp, helping to remove dead skin cells. These exfoliants require a lot of massagingscrubbing, and rubbing against the scalp to be effective. However, physical exfoliants are not suitable for dry or sensitive scalps.

Chemical exfoliators contain active ingredients such as lactic acid, glycolic acid, or salicylic acid, which work to exfoliate the scalp without the need for physical scrubbing. They are applied to the scalp, left on for 10-15 minutes (depending on the strength of the peel), and then washed off.

“Scalp exfoliators containing an acidic peeling agent with natural peppermint, rosemary, and fruit acid extracts are really effective in removing the excess sebum, keratin and product build-up,” says Dr Shringarpure. According to her, patients can incorporate a shampoo containing ketoconazole and zinc pyrithione in their hair wash routine if they have a flaky and inflamed scalp.

What are the different kinds of scalp types?

Oily Scalp:

An oily scalp occurs when the sebaceous glands produce excess sebum (natural oil). This can cause hair to look greasy, even shortly after washing. People with oily scalps often struggle with dandruff, as the excess oil can lead to an overgrowth of yeast.

To manage an oily scalp, it’s important to use lightweight, clarifying shampoos that balance oil production without stripping the hair. Look for exfoliating ingredients containing salicylic acid, which is highly effective at removing excess sebum and product buildup.

A normal scalp is well-balanced, producing just the right amount of oil (Source- Freepik)

Dry Scalp:

A dry scalp lacks moisture, leading to flakiness, itching, and irritation. This can be caused by factors like cold weather, harsh shampoos, or not drinking enough water. People with dry scalps often experience small, white flakes similar to dandruff, but caused by dryness rather than excess oil.

If you have a very dry scalp, you should opt for oil-based exfoliators that combine ingredients like lactic or glycolic acid with oils such as rosemary or avocado oil. Using hydrating shampoos and conditioners, along with scalp oils or treatments, can help restore moisture balance.

Sensitive Scalp:

A sensitive scalp is prone to irritation and discomfort, often reacting to certain hair products, environmental factors, or even stress. Symptoms can include redness, itching, burning, or tightness. People with sensitive scalps need to be careful with the products they use, opting for hypoallergenic or sulfate-free options that are gentle and soothing.

Normal Scalp:

A normal scalp is well-balanced, producing just the right amount of oil. It doesn’t get too greasy or too dry, and is typically free from irritation or flakes. People with normal scalps can use a variety of hair care products and are less likely to experience scalp-related issues. Maintaining a healthy scalp is key to keeping this balance.

Points to keep in mind:

“Never exfoliate a dry scalp. Always spray some water and ensure your scalp is damp before starting the exfoliation process. Follow this order: exfoliation, shampoo, and then conditioner,” says Dr Shringarpure. Start small, perhaps once a week or once every 15 days, and gradually increase to twice weekly as desired. Avoid exfoliation if you have an active infection, such as ringworm, an open cut or wound and lice.