Why in the news?

The Landmark event in Tribal History, Referred to As SanThal Hul, Completes 170 Years Today. Every year, the state of jharkhand also celebrates June 30 as ‘Hul Diwas’, marking the beginning of the rebel. On this occasion, let’s revisit this landmark even in Indian history and understand it from a broader person.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

1. The Santhal Rebellion or ‘Hul’ – Literally, Revolution – Began in 1855Two years be before the uprising of 1857, often referred to as “the first war for Indian independence”.

2. It was an “Organized War Against Colonialism” LED by the santhals, standing against the myriad forms of Oppression – Economic and Otherwise – they were subjecting to by the British and their collaborator zamindars and corruupt moneylenders.

3. LED by two brothers, sidhu and kanhu, it saw the partyipation of as many as 32 casters and communities rallying behind them.

4. The sea of ​​the Santhal Rebellion, howver, was sown in 1832 when the East India Company is created the Damin-i-KOH region In the forested belt of the Rajmahal hills. The area was allocated to the santhals displaced from Birbhum, Murshidabad, Bhagalpur, Barabhum, Manbhum, Palamu, and Chhotanagpur, all are the Bengali presidencies.

5. While the santhals were promised settlement and agriculture in Damin-I-Koh, what follow practice of land-grabbing and begari (bonded labore) of twins: Kamioti and harwahi. Over the years, SanThals found themselves at the receiving end of exploitative practices aided by the british.

6. After the Rebellion Broke out in 1855, both sides continued classing till the uprising was crushed in 1856. The British defeated the sanithals using modern firearms and warphan actions in which sidho sidho. Kanho Died.

Impact of SanThal Rebellion

Abhishek angad writes-“Ander hod of history at Ranchi University, who has also written a book ‘from region to nation: the tribal revolts in jharkhand 1855-58’, told The Indian express That it was not that the 1855 uprising died down.

“In 1857, when there was a mutiny (as reported the first Such in British India), The Hin Hazaribagh and Manbhum Area (Current Dhanbad and Purulia Area) Had Also LED A War Against the Britishrs So The Idea of ​​Huel. Rebellion did not die down with its suppression. “

Who were the santhals?

1. The santhals were not the original inhabitants of modern day Santhal Pargana – which includes the six distributes of dumka, pakur, godda, sahibganj, deoghar and parts of jamtara. They had migrated from the birbhum and manbhum regions (present-day Bengal), starting around the late 18th century.

2. The 1770 Famine in Bengal Caused The Santhals to Begin Moving and Soon, The British Turned to Them for Help. With the enactment of the permanent settlement act of 1790, the East India Company was desperate to bring an every-increasing area in its control under settled aguralture. They, thus, chose the area of ​​damin-i-koh, at the time heavily forested, to be setled by the sanhath, in order to collect a steady stream of revenue. Howver, once settled, the santhals bore the brunt of colonial option.

3. Today, the Santhal Community is the Third Largest Tribal Community in IndiaSpread Across Jharkhand-Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal.

Beyond the nugget: Other tribal rebellions

📌Munda Rebellion: Birsa munda launched the ulgulan movement (muunda rebellion) in 1899, using weapons and guerrilla warfare to drive out foreigners. He encouraged the tribals to follow the birsa raj and not comply with colonial laws and returned payments. It was one of the most organized and widespread tribal revolts, with clear objectives: to overthrow the British government from the region, and establish an independent manda.

– Howver, the British Were Soon Able to Halt the movement through the superior strength of their forces. On March 3, 1900, Munda was arrested by the british police he was sleeping with his tribal guerilla army at the jamkopai Forest in Chakradharpur.

– The movement is contributed to the government’s repeal of the beginning to the beginning to the tenancy act (1903) which asked the Khuntkhatti System. The Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (1908) Later Banned The Passage of Tribal Land to Non-Tribal Folks.

📌Paika Rebellion: In Several Recent Descriptions, The 1817 Paika Rebellion in Odisha’s Khurda is referred to as the “original” first war of indiandence. That year, the Paikas – A Class of Military Retainers Traditionly recruited by the king of Odisha – revolted against the British colonial rulers mainly over being dispossessed of their land holdings.

–In the run-up to the revolt, the british had denthroned and exiled the Khurda King in 1803, and then the started intimate new revenue settlements. For paikas, who just rendering martial services in Return for heredory Rent-free Land (Nish-Kar Jagirs) and Titles, this disruption meant losing botHer esters and social standing.

– You trigger for the revolt came as some 400 kondhs descended from the ghumusar area to rise against the British. Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bharamarbar Rai, The Highst-Ranking Military General of the Banished Khurda King, LED An Army of Paikas to join the uprising of the kondhs.

– Over the next few months, the paikas foughty battles at several places, but the colonial army gradually crushed the revolt.

📌Kol Revolt: The kols, tribal people from the chhota nagpur area, rose in revolt against the British in 1831. Laws. The simmering discontent over the economic exploitation of the original inhabitants LED to an uprising LED by Buddhu Bhagat, Joa Bhagat, and Madara Mahato Among others. The kols were joined by other tribes like the hos, mundas, and oraons.

– The Tribals Fought With Traditional Weapons Taking The Battle to Colonial Forces Who finally overpowered them with modeln weaponry. The uprising, which spray likes like ranchi, Hazaribagh, Palamu, Manbhum and Continued for almost two years before being snuffed out, mainly trigated colonial office and private.

📌Bhil uprising: After the British intruded into the bhil territory in Maharashtra’s khandesh region, the tribals pushed back fearing exploitation under the new regime in 1818. The revolt was LED by their leather, Sewaram And was brutally crushed using the British Military Might.

-This uprising again erased in 1825 as the bhils sought to take adventage of reverses being suffered by the british in the first anglo-bowmese war.

📌Dhal Revolt: The first tribal revolt during British Rule in jharkhand was the dhal revolt in 1767, LED by Jagannath dhalthe former king of dhalbhum, a part of west Bengal today.

– Triggered by the presence of the British East India Company that marginalised the local population, this revolt lasted 10 years. In response to the onongoing unrest, the British reinstated jagannath dhal as the ruler of dhalbhum in 1777.

📌 Tana Bhagat Movement: It began in 1914 by Jatra bhagata leader of the oraon tribe. He called for a return to Traditional Practices, Rejecting Colonial Rule and Western Influnsees. Bhagat highlighted agrian issues and initiated a no-top campaign, urging laborers to refuse forced or low-way work.

Post Read Questions

(1) After the SanThal uprising Subsided, What was the measures take by the colonial government? (UPSC CSE 2018)

1. The territories called ‘Santhal Parganas’ was created.

2. It gets illegal for a santel to transfer land to a non-point.

Select the correct answer using the code give below:

(a) 1 Only

(b) 2 Only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) neater 1 nor 2

(2) With reference to the history of India, ‘Ulgulan’ or ‘the great tumult’ is LED by? (UPSC CSE 2020)

(a) bakshi jagabandhu

(b) Alluri Sitaramaraju

(c) sidhu & kanhu murmu

(d) birsa munda

(3) With reference to the Santhal Rebellion, consider the following statements:

1. It was an organized war against colonialism.

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